| Technical Memo: Proven Turbine RCS study |
| QinetiQ |
|
May 2008 |
8 pages |
link |
QinetiQ have measured the radar cross section (RCS) of the Proven WT2500 wind turbine, kindly donated by Proven Energy Ltd. the calibrated RCS data was analysed and the peak RCS measurements from the Proven turbine ranged from a minimum of 3dBsm to a maximum of 11dBsm.
The average RSC measured was 7dBsm. |
| |
Assessment of Effects of Wind Turbines on ATC Radars
A report for the US Department of Commerce - National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
|
| Lemmon, Carroll, Sanders, Turner |
|
July 2008 |
32 pages |
link |
| This technical report describes the results of a study exploring the effects of power-producing wind turbines on Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) air traffic control (ATC) radars. The study was performed to identify the extent to which these effects exist, and to identify mitigation techniques and parameters for such effects. |
| |
| Resolution of radar operation objections to wind farm developments. |
| BAE Systems |
URN: 08/618 |
15/05/2008 |
126 pages |
link |
| Contract number: W/45/00663/00/00. Report on a project to identify solutions to the problem of the interference that wind farms cause to radars. Investigates using advanced digital tracker for mitigating air traffic control radar interference from wind turbines. |
| |
| Stealth technology for wind turbines. |
| BAE Systems |
URN: 08/747 |
12/05/2008 |
87 pages |
link |
| Contract number: W/44/00658/00/00. Final report on a programme to develop a reduced radar cross section (RCS) wind turbine system which addresses the planning objections by using a combination of materials and shaping techniques to reduce the overall RCS of a wind turbine, including the blades, nacelle and tower. |
| |
| Study into the radar impact of a Micro turbine |
| QinetiQ |
|
11/2007 |
32 pages |
link |
| The RCS of a micro turbine was measured and analysis of the data was undertaken looking at both the RCS return from the turbine structure and the Doppler return from the blades at yaw angles of 0, 45 and 90 degrees with respect to the radar. |
| |
| Watchman primary surveillance radar in the presence of wind turbine interference. Part 1: generic safety case. |
| HVR |
URN: 07/1441 |
16/10/2007 |
55 pages |
link |
| Safety case for the baseline watchman primary surveillance radar as installed at a hypothetical RAF aerodrome in the presence of wind turbine. |
| |
| COWRIE Radar in-fill for Greater Wash area. Feasibility study: final report. |
| QinetiQ |
URN: 07/1442 |
17/09/2007 |
41 pages |
link |
| Study investigating the feasibility of installing and operating an air defence in-sill radar in the Greater Wash area with the aim of mitigating radar interference from offshore wind turbines. |
| |
| Investigation of Technical and Operational Effects on Marine Radar Close to Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm |
| Marico Marine |
|
04/2007 |
57 pages |
link |
| A marine (vs aviation) radar report: An independent report funded by Round 2 offshore developers under a steering group of DTI, Maritime Coastal Agency, Port of London Authority and BWEA into the effects of wind farms on Marine Radar. |
| |
| Air traffic service safety case workshop. |
| BAE Systems |
URN: 07/1142 |
02/08/2007 |
21 pages |
link |
| Results of a workshop to agree the air traffic safety issues pertaining to the interference caused by wind turbine interference with in sight of primary surveillance radars. Contract number 01.08.09.09/53A |
| |
| Options for mitigating the impacts of wind turbines on NERL's primary radar infrastructure. |
| NERL |
URN: 06/2233 |
31/01/2007 |
108 pages |
|
| Study on how the interference from wind turbines on radar can be mitigated. 3 part paper. |
| |
| The Effect of Windmill Farms on Military Readiness - A report to the Congressional Defense Committees |
| US DoD |
|
2006 |
62 pages |
link |
| The report begins with a brief introduction of the key principles of radar systems, describes in what circumstances wind farms might cause problems for the Department and under what circumstances such wind farms would not cause problems. Radar test results from multiple flight trials near wind farms performed by the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence are discussed. |
| |
| Design and manufacture of radar absorbing wind turbine blades: final report. |
| QinetiQ |
URN: 05/1409 |
31/07/2005 |
61 pages |
link |
| Describes the results of a project to design and manufacture radar absorbing wind turbine blades using radar absorbing materials (RAM). The objective is to reduce the effect of wind turbines, and blades in particular, on radar systems used for air traffic control and weather and marine navigation. |
| |
| The Effects of Wind Turbines on ATC Radar |
| MoD Air Warfare Centre |
|
10/05/2005 |
48 pages |
link |
| The aim of the Trial was to determine the effects of wind turbine farms on the ATC area and airfield primary surveillance radars. This was achieved by tasking scripted sorties with a variety of aircraft types to over-fly the subject wind turbine farms. The radar video display was assessed during the Trial and radar video output was captured for analysis. |
| |
| The Effects of Wind Turbines on AD Radar |
| MoD Air Warfare Centre |
|
6/01/2005 |
32 pages |
link |
| The aim of the Trial was to determine the effects of wind turbine farms on AD radars by considering the effects of wind turbine farms on radar performance with regard to probability of detection, tracking and displayed effects, the effects on low-level coverage due to the wind turbine farm and system set-up and observed displayed effects. This was achieved by tasking scripted sorties with a variety of aircraft types to overfly the subject wind turbine farm. The radar video display was assessed during the trial and radar plot data was captured for analysis. |
| |
| Feasibility of mitigating the effects of windfarms on primary radar - Project summary |
| BAE Systems (AMS) |
URN: 04/676 |
29/02/2004 |
4 pages |
link |
| Project summary 183. Carried out as part of the DTI's new and renewable energy programme. |
| |
| Wind farms impact on aviation radar interests |
| QinetiQ |
URN: 03/1294 |
30/09/2003 |
176 pages |
link |
| Report of a project carried out under the UK New and Renewables Energy Programme. This has a linked CD-ROM (URN 03/CD17). |
| |
| Feasibility of mitigating the effects of wind farms on primary radar |
| BAE Systems (AMS) |
URN: 03/976 |
30/06/2003 |
71 pages |
link (part 1)
link (part 2)
link (part 3)
|
| Report of a project carried out under the DTI's New and Renewable Energy Programme. 3 part paper. |
| |
| Wind turbines and aviation interests: European experience and practice |
| Stasys Ltd |
URN: 03/515 |
14/01/2003 |
94 pages |
link |
| Interim report of a project carried out under the UK Sustainable Energy Programmes. |
